关于国有企业富余职工下岗与再就业问题的思考

Considerations in Employment of Surplus Laid-off Workers in State-Owned Enterprises

本文认为：作为长期困扰国有企业改革的一大问题，国有企业大量富余职工和下岗人员的存在，固然与国有企业改革滞后有关，但也存在着更深层次的原因，主要表现在企业外部环境、国有企业自身和职工个人三个方面；面对日益严重的职工下岗和失业问题，不能用回归计划经济体制的办法来解决，而只能走市场化就业的道路，从国家宏观经济政策的制定、企业自身的努力及职工就业观念的转变等方面入手，促进再就业工程的实施；随着我国经济体制改革的深化和企业经营机制的不断完善，国有企业职工下岗问题将逐步演变为外部劳动力市场上的公开失业，为了避免过大的失业量冲击社会，在宏观调控过程中要根据劳动力市场培育和发展的程度，使隐性失业显性化的过程与劳动力市场上创造就业机会的速度相一致。

Abstract RUC Research Group of Economic Studies Report Large numbers of surplus employees and aid-off worker have worried many state-owned enterprises,posing serious obstacles for the reform.While the major cause for this phenomenon is related to the slow speed of reform,there are more profound aspects that account for it.They are problems concerning external environment of the enterprises,the enterprises,and the workers.The situation deteriorates because of the increasing number of laid-off workers and unemployment,but we can not resrt to planned economy.Instead,we have no other choice but to solve probles of employment through development of market economy.It is possible to approach this problem by means of macro economic policies of the state,by efforts of enterprises and by hoping that the workers will change their concept in seeking new employment.With further development of the economic reform and steady improvement of management in state-owned enterprises,the phenomenon of lay-off workers in the state-owned enterprises will evolve to unemployment in the labor market outside the enterprises.In order to prevent the shock of unemployment from becoming too heavy,we must see to it that macro policies be made in accordance with development of the labor market,so as to ensure that the recessive unemployment be transferred to overt unemployment along with creation of employment opportunities in the labor market,keeping the process of this transfer under tight control.