当代中国社会阶层的分化与重组研究

Studies of Disintegration and Recombination of Social Classes in Modern China

本文认为：中国社会阶层分化是８０年代中期以来社会生活中一种普遍存在的客观事实；阶层分化的历史前提是准身份现象＂和社会正常流动的无渠道状态；阶层分化的历史契机是经济体制和政治体制改革的起步和最初的发展；中国社会分化过程中有四种基本阶层类型，即基本阶层（工人和农民）、新兴阶层（乡镇企业职工和企业家阶层）、复新阶层（个体劳动者和失业者阶层）、边缘阶层（军人、大学生、乡村知识分子、乡村干部等）；阶层分化的主要特征是两栖人的出现，各阶层的社会地位的非一贯性＂问题过早出现，因社会分化的急速发展而使学历因素＂的实际地位飘忽不定，阶层间的政治差距缩小、经济差距加大；

Abstract Since 1980s disintegration of social classes in china has become a common phenomenon in social life.The historic premises of this social disintegration are the so called “pseudo identity” and chaotic situations in which normal movemnt of social classes are not guided to appropriate channels,while the triggers of it were the start and primary development of economic and political reforms.During the course of social disintegration four major classes have emerged.They are:the basic class(workers and peasants),the rising class(enterprisers and people who work in country enterprises),the renewed class(people who are selfemployed or unemployed),and the marginal class(army men,university graduates,country intellectuals,and cadres in the countryside).The main features of this disintegration are as follows:existence of people with double social identities,strengthening of self-consciousness among people of all classes during the process of disintegration,the problem of “persistency of social status” being raised too early,uncertainty in position of “formal schooling” caused by the rapid pace of social disintegration,as well as the reduction of political difference and increase of economic difference among social classes.Positive influence of disintegration of social classes in China has given impetus to the transformation from“identity” to “contract” of the society,and promoted the process of democracy and construction of the legal system.