张湛对人生的思考

On Zhang Zhan's Views on Life

张湛是东晋中后期的著名思想家，对于人生有较为深刻的思考。他将人体分为形骸与心两大部分，进而论说道，理想的人生应是世俗欲求的满足（形骸）和精神意境的超越（心）二者的完善结合。即肯定人的各种基本欲望但不过于执著，注重精神意境而不陷入空想。如此，既能享受到现实人生的欢乐。

Abstract As a famous thinker in the Eastern Jin Dynasty(317-420 A. D. ) who thought rather deeply about life, Zhang Zhan classified life into two types: xinghai (gratification of human flesh and material lust) and xin (surpassing human spirit). According to him, the ideal life should be the perfect integration of xinghai and xin, which means that all kinds of human lust must be appropriately satisfied and the human spiritual conception must be appropriately enlarged. Only by doing so can man enjoy all kinds of pleasure both in his life and in his surpassing human spirit.