试论中国现代文学批评的语言意识

A Tentative Approach to the Language Awareness of Modern Chinese Literary Criticism

在中国现代文学批评意识的构成中，语言意识占有重要的一席。现代批评在其发展的数十年中，一直在为如何理解文学和语言的关系而困扰。其一方面通过文言与白话的论争，揭示了文言话语系统的意识形态属性，另一方面却又在传统语言观念的影响下，表层化地把这种矛盾理解为文字与口语的对立即工具之用的矛盾，造成现代批评对语言的检讨始终游移在“体”、“用”之间。观念的含混不仅影响了现代批评语言意识的成熟与深化。

Abstract The language awareness is an important component in the structure of awareness of modern Chinese literary criticism. Modern literary criticism for the past decades has been perplexed by the elusive relations between literature and language. Modern criticism reveals, through arguments between classical Chinese and vernacular, the ideological characters of the classical Chinese system, but at the same time, influenced by the traditional language views, superficially attributes contradictions between the two to that of written language and spoken language, thus confining the examination of language functions in literature to the scope of relations between ‘essence’ and ‘function’. The ambiguity of concepts has not only delayed maturing and deepening of modern language awareness, but has diminished, and to some extent, dispelled the effect and strength of criticism for classical Chinese works.