国际关系中的环境问题及其解决机制

Environmental Problems in International Relation and Mechanisms for Resolving Them

从80年代后期开始，环境问题迅速成为国际关系中的一个中心议题。各方面都在关注地球环境的恶化问题，并就如何解决这一问题展开激烈的讨论。本文试从国际关系的角度对环境问题进行分类，提出国际关系中存在的四种环境问题，即国际化了的国内环境问题、跨国界环境问题、超国界环境问题和全球问题，并探讨了解决这些环境问题的三种机制，即市场解决机制、一国解决机制和国际解决机制，分析了三种解决机制的相对优势和弱势，并提出了一个三种机制间的互动模式。

Since the beginning of the late 1980s enviromental problems have rapidly become the central focus of attention in international relationship. The worsening of the global environment is paid close attention to by the people all over the world and a lively discussion on the problem has being undertaken. With international relationship as a point of departure, this essay attempts to classify environmental problems and identify four environmental problems existing in international relationship: 1 domestic environmental problems internationalized; 2 transnational environmental problem; 3 environmental problems transcending national boundaries;4 global problems. Also discussed are three mechanisms for resolving these problems and their relative advantages and disadvantages: 1 the market mechanism; 2 the domestic mechanism; and 3 the internatonal mechanism. A partern of interaction between the three mechanisms is likewise suggested.