文体自发与文体自觉的对抗与和解——20世纪汉语诗歌的文体演变透析

Conflicting and Reconciling between Spontaneous Style and Self-Conscious Style ─An Analysis of the Evolution of Styles of Chinese Poetry in the 20th Century

汉诗百年的最大成功是打破了古代汉诗的束缚，吸收了外语诗歌的营养，成为中外诗歌相契合的产物。最大失败是无论是“打破”或者“吸收”都常走极端，对传统汉诗太强调破除而忽视重建；对外来诗歌太强调“横的移植”而忽视在中国国情及汉诗传统下的改造。以致现代汉诗的道路表面上是越来越自由，实质上是越走越窄。只有在不排斥诗歌创作在内容上的个人主义、理想主义、情感主义和在创作形式上的自由主义、唯美主义及诗歌文体特有的先锋性特征的前提下，检验并相对定型已有的诗体，探索实验出行之有效的新的诗体，增强现代汉诗的文体自觉性，拓展现代汉诗的形式种类，相对规范单项诗体，使之既有多种诗体可供应用，每种诗体又都有相对的规范及特定的形式原则。现代汉诗才能结束现在的尴尬局面。

Abstract The most important success of modern Chinese poetry in the 20th century is that it has smashed the trammels of ancient Chinese poetry and assimilated the styles of foreign poetry .The greatest fault is that both 'smashing' and 'assimilating' used to go to extremes. At the end of the 20th century we should examine and finalize the old styles of modern Chinese poetry, especially the form of poetry , and make researches on new useful styles by experiments of poetic form on condition that we do not exclude individualism, idealism and sentimentalism in poetic content and liberalism, aestheticism in poetic form as well as radicalism which is the special characteristic of poetry.