近代中国社会转型的发展趋势及其特征

Trend of Social Transformation of Modern Chinese Society and Its Characteristics

近代中国的社会转型是从传统农业社会向近代工业社会的转变。在这一过程中，新旧结构的更替呈现多层面的交错运动态势，表现为五种发展趋势：中央政府权威削弱及其衰败化；在西方列强侵略下国家地位的边缘化；传统政治体系向近代政治体系演化的民主化；社会经济演变的市场化；国家与社会结构的二元化。五种趋势构成中国近代化的阻力与推力，使近代中国既表现为从传统农业国向近代工业国的转型，但又无法完成这一转型。造成这种状况的主要原因在中国社会内部。

Abstract The change in the social pattern of modern China was the transformation from a traditional agricultural society to a modern industrial society. In the course of the transformation,the replacement of the old social structure by the new structure presented a multiple layer and interlocking movement pattern which can be described as of five kinds of trends :The weakening and declining of the central government authority;The borderlinization of the state position of China hit by the invasion of the western big powers; The democratization characterized by the evolution of the traditional political system into the modern type;The marketization of social economic development;The dualization of state and society separation. These five kinds of trends became both the opposing and the driving forces for Chinas modernization. Worked by these two contradictory forces, modern China showed not only her eagerness to transform herself from a traditional agricultural country into a modern industrial one but also her incapability of making such a transformation. The reason that China was got into such a situation mainly lied in the internal factor in Chinas society-the reform in its system falling behind.