从典型塑造看建国后现实主义文学的发展

A Survey of the Development of Realism in the Creation of Prototype Figures since the Founding of the People's Republic of China

本文通过对建国以来现实主义文学在典型人物塑造方面的检视，指出在不同的历史阶段、要求和审美理想的规约下，典型人物的塑造各有其特点，带有明显的时代烙印。文章认为，从历时性看，３０余年积累的经验，使对典型的塑造不论是在方法上还是在观念上都有所突破，走的是一条不断完善之路。典型塑造不断摆脱依附在身上的异己之物，走出概念化、公式化、简单化、类型化的阴影，向独立和丰富回归。

Based on the survey of the New China realism in the creation of prototype figures,this paper points out that,constrained by different historical conventions and aesthetic ideals,the creation of prototype figures in different periods have different characteristics,noticeably typical of the times.The article argues that,through the accumulation of 30 years' experience,the creation of prototype figures has witnessed some breakthrough both in methodology and ideology with constant modification and improvement.The creation of prototype figures,persistently shaking off the alienating elements attached to it and the constraints of conceptualization,stereotyping,oversimplification and typification,is returning to independence and enrichment,which shows the enduring appeal of realism as an effective way of literary creation.