论洪水神话与文化分型

On Flood Myth and Culture Typicality

该文从神话的功用角度，用比较的方法，论述了洪水神话的意义是反映了人类由生物状态向社会状态的过渡，它使各民族关于人的生存状态或发展方向的神话，从神秘的想象和幻想世界向现实世界演进，并渐渐“社会化”和“历史化”。但同是洪水神话，希伯来民族的神话却隐含着人的罪感意识，希腊民族的神话隐含着人的求知意识，中国汉族的神话隐含着人的宗法伦理意识，从而表现了不同民族对自我存在状态的不同确认方式。洪水神话又是民族文化形成与分型的重要基因。

Abstract Considering the function of mythology in the world as a whole and adopting the comparative method,this article maintains that the flood myth reflects mankinds transition from the biological state to social state,and that it enables the myth of all nations about their living condition or the orientation of their evolution to turn from mysterious imagination and fantasy to the real world,thus gradually becoming“socialized”and“historicized.”However,flood myth differs in content with different nationalities.Hebrew myth implies human consciousness of sin;Greek myth that of the desire to learn;and the Han myth in China that of lineage and ethics.This indicates that different nationalities have their own ways of affirming their own state of living.Flood myth is one important gene determining the formation and typicality of national culture,therefore it exerts a constant influence on the later culture of all nationalities.