青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

Research on a 5-Factor Sport Commitment Model for Teenage Amateur Soccer Players

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。

Based on the sport specific theoretical model by Scanlan and his colleagues and combined with practice in China, a 5-factor sport commitment model for teenage amateur soccer players was developed. Sport commitment was defined as: a psychological state representing the desire or resolve to continue sport participation. The model was determined by the 5 factors of sport enjoyment, involvement alternatives, personal investment, social constraint, and involvement opportunities. A questionnaire was then developed based on these factors to investigate sport commitment of 252 teenage soccer players as subjects from Beijing. The results from the test of covariance model using Lisrel 8 showed that the 5-factor sport commitment model fitted well with the conditions of Beijing teenage soccer players, and sport enjoyment, personal investment, involvement opportunities and involvement alternatives were the main factors affecting sport commitment while social constraint had not much affection on sport commitment.