我国健将级女子篮球运动员归因倾向的差异性研究

Research on the Discrepancy of Attribution Tendencies in Top-Level Chinese Women Basketball Players

运用韦纳的归因理论和分析方法,对我国27名健将级(包括国际健将)女子篮球运动员进行调查研究。结果表明:“因果维度量表”(中国版)在我国健将级女子篮球运动员中试用有很好的信、效度;面对胜利倾向于内部的、不稳定的、可控制的归因,面对失败倾向于外部的、不稳定的、可控制的归因是我国健将级女子篮球运动员的基本归因类型;我国健将级女子篮球运动员归因方式存在着焦虑水平方面的差异,内部控制型的运动员比外部控制型的运动员特质焦虑水平低;成就动机水平的高低在不同归因方式的表现上除内外源维度外,没有发现明显差异,但内部的、可控制的归因类型比外部的、不可控制的归因类型成就动机分值偏高。

27 top-level Chinese women basketball players were investigated with the attribution theory and methods of Weiner. Results showed that: the Causal Dimension Scales (Chinese edition) had high reliability and validity in applying to top-level Chinese women basketball players; Chinese basketball players had the fundamental attribution styles as tending to internal, unstable and controllable attribution when facing victory and external, unstable and controllable attribution when facing defeat; their attribution styles were different in anxiety level with players of internal control style expressing lower trait anxiety level than those of external control style; there were no significant difference found in achievement motivation dimensions of different attribution styles except in the internal-external dimension; but the achievement motivation figure of internal and controllable attribution style was higher than that of external and uncontrollable style.