中国早期铜镜及其相关问题

EARLY CHINESE BRONZE MIRRORS AND RELATED PROBLEMS

目次一、序论二、中原地区发现的商代铜镜三、中原地区发现的西周铜镜四、商周时期中原以外青铜文化出土的铜镜五、中国铜镜起源问题六、余论一、序论本世纪二十年代初,随着淮河流域寿县一带和洛阳金村古墓汉以前古镜的发现和流传,对于中国早期铜镜的研究也逐渐引起国内外学术界的重视。然而,直到本世纪五十年代末,人们对中国早期铜镜的认识还局限在战国时期,故而称之为"战国镜"、"秦镜"或者"先汉镜"等。对于战国以前中国古镜的认识,则有赖于1956年上村岭虢国墓地和1976年殷墟妇好墓的发掘。上村岭虢国墓地234座墓葬,共出土铜镜4面,墓地年代约在西周末年到春秋初年。殷墟妇好墓也出土四面铜镜。该墓属殷代武丁王妃妇好的陵墓。

According to the systematic classification and periodization studies of the pre-Spring- and-Autumn bronze mirrors discovered so far in China,the first appearance of Chinese bronze mirrors was at c.2000 BC in the Gansu and Qinhai region of the upper Huanghe River valley;after that they were spread across this area and along the present-day Great Wall.Field archaeological discoveries,ethnographic data and ancient textual records com- bine to indicate that in ancient times,the bronze mirror functionated as a reflector of images and also as a religious object,especially in early society.Although bronze mirrors began to be spread into the Central Plains of the middle and lower Huanghe valley in the late Shang period,they were very rare in the Central Plains before the Spring and Autumn period.This phenomenun must have had close relation to the use and function of the bronze mirror in the then society.Besides,the author discusses the relation of the bronze mirror with the bronze water-container and sunlight igniter.