中国城市独生子女问题

The Only-child Problem in Urban China

中国提倡“一对夫妇生一个孩子”的实践已积累了十七年的经验教训,把独生子女问题放在社会可持续发展的大背景下进行考察已具备一定条件。在这样的大背景下探讨中国城市独生子女问题的视野会比较开阔,从时间序列、空间序列、价值序列等多角度入手,理论联系实际地分析,给出我们的见解和观点。独生子女群体对城市人口年龄结构的变化产生明显影响,对城市人口老龄化进程的加快起到推波助澜作用;城市家庭规模、结构变化,核心家庭堆积现象促使家庭生活方式改变;家庭轴心向子代转移,传统的“反哺模式”受到挑战,社会化养老有待于逐步开展以弥补家庭养老的困难,多渠道、多形式的劳务保障将会在需求的催促下发展。

With a multi-dimension analysis, this article attempts to examine the only-child problem in urban China in the context of sustainable development. The only-child population has markedly influenced the age structure of China's urban population particularly in the sense of aggravating its ageing process. Changes in family size and structure, life-style, and family support for the elderly that are brought about by the one-child population are highlighted, and the implications are discussed.