美国与1944年英苏划分巴尔干势力范围

U. S. RESPONSE TO ANGLO-SOVIET DIVISION OF SPHERE OF INFLUENCE IN THE BALKANS, 1944

第二次世界大战期间反法西斯同盟各国进行了全面的合作,与此同时它们之间的利益也存在着重大分歧。解决分歧的办法之一就是按大国政治原则划分势力范围。1944年英国和苏联对待希腊和罗马尼亚的政策就是突出的例子。英苏两家是怎样划分在巴尔干的势力范围的?美国对此采取什么样的政策?美国政策与其战后计划有什么关系?这就是本文试图回答的问题。

When Britain and the Soviet Union conducted a series of diplomatic activities over the division of sphere of influence in Greece and Romania in 1944, America remained silent but did not give its endorsement. This represened its attitude toward post-war world arrangements. Differing in diplomatic goals from Britain and the Soviet Union which sought to maintain their spheres of influence, America was pursuing global leadership. It was generally believed in America that the old concept of sphere of influence was the cause of the two world wars. Peace based thereon could not be sustained. Meanwhile, America made no explicit overall arrangements against the practice of the sphere of influence in wartime. President F. D. Roosevelt never differentiated the concept of the ' four policemen' from that of sphere of influence. Neither had he formulatcd any concrete policy toward Eastern Europe. This madeU.S. diplomatic practice look indeterminate and contradictory.