摘要
粮食问题是个非常重要的问题,苏联东欧国家把它称之为“政治”或“战略”。这是它们在认识发展粮食生产与促进整个经济发展和社会安定的关系中得出的经验之谈。目前各国已普遍重视和加强粮食生产,除匈牙利粮食已过关外,其他国家准备在1990年或更长一些时间内争取解决粮食过关的问题。本文拟就苏联东欧国家有关解决粮食过关问题的情况作些介绍。
In the Soviet Union and East European countries the grain is analogized as 'politics' or 'strategy'. This version results from many years' knowledge of its importance in promoting economic development and guaranteeing social security. After World War II, the agricultures in these countries went through comparatively rapid recovery and development and up to 1960s average per capita output of grain was 500—650 kilograms, so the problem of feeding the population was solved. In the 1970s—1980s there were different improvements in these nations' grain productions. In 1984, Poland's average per capita output of grain was 650 kilograms, this is the lowest output among these countries. The highest one. 1500 kilograms, was recorded in Hungary. But the grain production is not very stable in each nation, and in most countries it still depends on weather. At present, apart from Hungary, for the rest countries the grain problem still remains unsolved since they are short of forage crops.
