2R. E.帕 E. N.伯吉斯R. D.麦肯齐.《城市社会学》,宋俊岭郑也夫译,北京:商务印书馆2012年版,第 98、146、100、61 -62 页.
3Michael Brake, Comparative Youth Culture:the sociology of youth cultures and youth subcultures in America, Britain, and Cana-da, London and New York: Routledge & K. pault1985,p.39.
4约翰.哈利特.《文化研究简史》,季广茂译,北京:金城出版社2008年版,第6-7页.
5Stuart Hall and Tony Jefferson (eds. ) , Resistance Through Rituals,London: Hutchinson Publishing Group. 1976,pp. 20 -56,206-207.