必须重视和加强心理训练——对121名足球运动员心理状态的调查与分析

Pay Attention to Psycho-training——A Study of the Psychology of 121 Football Players

一、问题的提出随着现代足球运动迅猛地发展,心理训练的作用愈加表现出其重要性。世界上一些足球强国之所以能取得优异的成绩,是与他们高水平的心理训练分不开的。例如:第十二届世界杯赛冠军获得者意大利,曾在1981年召开“在足球训练与比赛中运用心理训练专题报告会”,为参加第十二届世界杯足球决赛作了充分的心理准备。又如,三次获得世界冠军称号的巴西队,在夺魁卫冕的关键时刻,球队还专门配置一名心理学家帮助运动员清除心理紧张,以最佳的竞技状态与对手展开激烈的争夺。但是,目前在我国足球运动的实际训练工作中,还未能高度重视和充分利用心理训练,在不同程度上降低了整体训练的实际效果,严重地影响我国足球运动水平的提高。

In the whole system of modern football training, psychological preparations occupy the same important place as physical, technical and tactical training,and are therefore regarded as the 'fourth kind of training.' However, in our present-day football training we have failed to attach sufficient importance to psychological preparations, still less to make full use of them.Such training is far from complete and can hardly yield satisfactory results. This is a problem demanding urgent solution if we are to speed up the progress of football in our country.We made some preliminary efforts to study this problem by surveying the psy- chology of 121 players on the 12 teams participating in the football finals of the Fifth National Games in 1983.