论孙悟空神猴形象的来历(上)——《西游记》与印度文学比较研究之一

The Image of the Monkey King and Its Origin

中国古典章回小说《西游记》,吸收了许多印度文学的成分,因而成为中印文学影响研究中的一个理想对象。但是,《西游记》中的印度文学成分已经完全中国化,将它一一识别出来,追溯中印文学间的渊源,对有关人物形象、情节组织、故事类型等的来龙去脉做出令人信服的考证,即进行初级的比较研究,已非易事。以上面的工作为基础。

According to the author, the Monkey King Sun Wukong in Wu Cheng'en's Xi-you-Ji owes its image directly to the Monkey Pilgrim of Ta-tang-san-zang-qu-jing-shi-hua ('A Poetic Storyof Master the Tripitaka of the Tang Dynasty'), who in turn takes its traits from the Indianmonkeys portrayed in the Buddhist work Rajajataka, particularly from the Little Monkeysof the Satparamitasannipatasutra. The author points out, however, that the Monkey Pilgrimmentioned above is not a simple or mechanical copy but a Chinese creation embodying bothChinese ingenuity and Indian influence. He also puts forward the following argument: The LittleMonkeys of the Buddhist story are no doubt the antecedents of Hanuman of the Ramayana, but theydiffer from the latter so far as their images are concerned, and hence, a link between the MonkeyKing and the Little Monkeys notwithstanding, the Monkey King's direct relation to Hanumancannot be taken for granted as has been done by some writers.