西欧四大国经济政策的调整

READJUSTMENT OF THE ECONOMIC POLICIES BY THE FOUR BIG WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

八十年代以来,西欧四大国英、法、联邦德国和意大利为适应形势需要,都对本国经济政策进行了调整,主要是:一、由扩张转为紧缩,在滞胀之中,首先解决通货膨胀问题。二、减少国家直接干预,更多利用经济杠杆进行调节。三、减少直接税以鼓励投资,用增加间接税来弥补税收。四、限制工资,削减社会福利以降低企业成本。经济政策的调整取得一些成果,但却存在着失业这个共同的问题。

Since the beginning of the 1980's,the four big WesternEuropean countries,namely,Britain,France.Federal Germany and Italy,in orderto adapt themselves to the changing situation,have readjusted their respective economicpolicies.The readjustment includes mainly:(1)to turn from expansion to austerity,giving priority to resolving the problem of inflation in the stagflation;(2)to reducedirect state intervention,using the economic lever more in regulating the economy;(3)to reduce direct tax while increasing indirect tax to make up for the loss;and(4)to con-trol the wages and reduce social welfare to lower the production costs of the enterprises.The readjustment of the economic policies has yielded some results,but unemploy-ment remains their common problem.