论普通话的轻声词和儿化词

Investigation on Chinese Characters With Light Tone or “r”-Suffixation in Putonghua

本文对《现代汉语词典》所收集的900多个轻声词和1100多个儿化词加以统计和分析,认为其中有44%左右的轻声词和45%左右的儿化词没有区别意义的作用,是否读轻声或儿化,并不影响语言表达,可以把它们从轻声词和儿化词中精减掉。剩下的56%左右约500多个轻声词,按照有区别意义作用,与语法意义有关、属约定俗成的习惯等不同情况进行分类归纳,以便于记忆和掌握。剩下的55%左右约620多个儿化词,按照区别词性、区别词义、表小或引申义、习惯用法等四种情况加以归类,从中找出其规律。

This paper is both a statistical and analytical investigation into the 900-odd light-tone Chinese characters and 1,100-odd 'r'-suffixation characters collected in A Dictionary of Modern Chinese. It is the view of the paper that about 44% of these light-tone characters and about 45% of the 'r'-suffixation characters actually do not have any bearing on determining the word's meaning. Therefore, they should be deleted from the light-tone and 'r'-suffixation group. As regards the remaining 500-odd light-tone characters, about 56% of the total, they can be classified according to various criteria,such as, whether or not the light tone has some significance in 'determining the meaning of the word, whether or not it has grammatical function, or in some cases it is established through mere common practice. Such classification will be helpful to memory. As to the 620 remaining 'r'-suffixation characters, 55% of the total, they can be classified, too, by means of a series of criteria, such as, whether it has some bearing on the part of speech of the original word, or on its meaning; whether it has some diminutive sense, whether it can produce some extended meaning, or whether it is but a conventional usage. In this way, the rules governing them can be derived.