印度经济建设的成就和问题

ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS IN THE ECONOMIC CONSTRUCTION OF INDIA

印度于1947年8月15日独立后,约有三年半时间用于医治印、巴分治的创伤。1951年4月1日开始第一个五年计划。今年是第六个五年计划的最后一年。在六个五年计划期间,由于经济上或政治上的原因,中长期计划曾经中断四年,只有年度安排(详见附表一)。1980年印度政府在拟订第六个五年计划的同时。

Over the past 37 years srnce independence,Indiahas been making unremittingefforts to build an integrated,modernized national economy.To this end,the IndianGovernment has adopted such a development strategy as encompasses using state power toattach greater importance to building up the state-owned heavy industries and infrastruc-ture in the public sector,producing substitutes for some of the imports,absorbing fo-reign capital and advanced technologies from diversified sources,and energetically dissemi-nating new agricultural technologies.In consequence India has now established a fairlyintegrated economic setup of its own and laid a fair base in the development of industryand science and technology.In some fields it has even caught up with the world′s ad-vanced level.Moreover,agricultural output more or less keeps pace with population growthHowever,problems confronting India are not wantin:These includc,among other th-ngs,a widening gap between the rich and the poor,a high rate of unemployment,agric-ulture and infrastructure failing to keep up with the growing needs of developing theenetir national economy,poor economic returns in industries a limited market forindustrial products.