“主客二元对立”背后的理性建构及其克服

The Construction and Overcome of Nous behind the Division of the Subject and the Object

在近代西方哲学的认识论转向中,存在着笛卡儿式的和康德式的两种不同的思维路径。从表面上看,这是二元论的两种不同的表现形式。然而,二元论的这种说法是不确切的。实质上,西方认识论哲学是一种理性建构说。在这种理性建构模式中,主体被抽象化,而客体则被抽象的主体重新建构。因此,主体与客体在这种唯心主义哲学中,二者的关系是自洽的。只有在涉及社会历史领域或具体经验事物时,理性建构说才真正显露其理论缺陷。马克思"实践"概念的提出,克服了这种认识论缺陷,摆正了人在世界上的地位。

There are two different directions in the way of explaining the epistemology,which are Descartes' and Kant's.In nature,they are the same.It can be called Tradition of'The Constructing of Nous'.In this kind of tradi- tion,the subject is abstract and the object is reconstructed by the subject using nous.Because of this kind of tradi- tion,the history can't be explained convincingly.Marx's conception of 'practice'solves the problem.