我国城镇养老保险市场化改革的条件与制度设计

Condition Analysis and System Design Relating to Privately Provision of Pension in China's City Areas

20世纪90年代以来,日趋严峻的人口老龄化趋势给各国公共养老保险支出带来了巨大压力,养老保险支出责任趋向于由政府向企业和个人等市场主体倾斜。对我国城镇养老保险市场化供给的条件进行研究,有助于实现养老保险市场化供给的制度创新及缓解我国当前社会养老保险覆盖面较低、资金供不应求的矛盾。城镇养老保险市场化供给的扩大,有利于政府腾出更多的资金解决农村社会养老保险问题。

Under the challenge of population aging,more and more countries have transferred from sole reliance on public pension to multi-level retired income,and supplementary old-age insurance has played an increasingly im- portant role in the whole pension system.This trend means more responsibilities for retirees are being taken by pri- vate sectors.The purpose is to reduce government's fiscal pressure for providing public pension and assure individu- al's benefit not declining under fiscal crisis.In this article,we analyzed the situation of insufficient social old-age insurance and the room for development of supplementary pension plans held by enterprises and individuals in Chi- na.This analysis shows that it is not desirable and feasible in China to rely much on government in providing old- age insurance because of budget constraint.Government should guarantee the basic life for citizens as more as pos- sible,especially for rural citizens.And condition analysis also states that supplementary pension plans could play a bigger role in China's city areas.