对联中几种特殊的对仗形式

The Several Peculiar Antithesis Forms of Couplet

对联的创作历史悠久,但对联的理论体系尚未确立,特别是一些特殊的对仗形式还鲜为人知。在此着重论述借对、无情对、自对、粘对、蹉对、马蹄韵、朱氏规则等七种特殊的对仗形式。借对法使对仗获得更多的自由;无情对难在对仗的工巧和句意的雅趣;自对有多种表现形式,其中排比句自对具有四个特点:粘对有其特殊的声律规范,联界少有人知,对粘对理论的探求具有重要意义;磋对根据需要不得以而用之,或因平仄,或因句顺;马蹄韵和朱氏规则是反映长联平仄规律的两种句脚安排方式,其中马蹄韵是长联平仄规律的主旋律、主基调。

Although couplet creation has long history,its theoried system has not been established yet.A few peculiar antithesis forms have rarely been known to people.For this purpose,the anthor in this article emphasizes seven kinds peculiar antithesis forms,including Jie Dui,Wuqing Dui,Nian Dui,Cuo Dui,Matiyun,Zhushi Regulation.The form of Jiedui makes antithesis gainning more liberty;the difficulty of Wuqingdui is more specific in elegant taste and fine- ness.Zidui has various manifestation,for example,four characteristics of parallelism sentences;Niandui has peculiar tondity regulations which is not popular in duilian cirdes,so it is important for people to research deeply.Jiedui is putted into use according to need,such as in Pingzhe or in Jushun.Since Qing dynasty,two kinds of sentences foot arrangent way have appeared,that is,Madiyun and zhushi regulation.Madiyun is not only long couplet level of Pingzhe,but also the major melody and keynote of couplet.