鱼类生理和生态行为对河流生态因子响应研究进展

A REVIEW OF FISH PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR RESPONDING TO RIVER ECOLOGICAL FACTORS

水利工程建设不仅阻断了河流的连续性,改变了河流生态因子,而且影响着河流水生生物,尤其是鱼类的生存、摄食、洄游、繁殖等行为。河流生态因子,如温度、流速、溶解氧浓度等,对鱼类生理和生态行为有显著性的影响。通过研究分析鱼类生理和生态行为与水力因子之间的关系,量化鱼类游泳过程中的能量消耗,结合生物学、生态工程、环境污染、管理等相关学科,建立更为精确的模型描述鱼类行为对水力因子的响应。结合河流生态因子研究鱼类生理及生态行为,对水利工程建设中鱼类资源的保护具有重要的意义。概述了水利工程建设对鱼类栖息生境的影响,归纳了目前国内外鱼类生理生态行为对河流生态因子响应研究内容及方法。同时,对以后研究重点和趋势进行了展望。

Construction of hydraulic engineering broke the continuity of rivers,and changed the river ecological factors.Furthermore,the dam constructions were the problem for many aquatic organisms,especially the survival,feeding habitat,migration corridor,and reproduction of fish.Consequently,researching about the physiological and ecological behaviors,combining with river ecological factors,were important to the development and protection of fish resource.In the paper,the effects of construction of hydraulic engineering on river factors were summarized.The model established methods and technology for the fish responding to the river ecological factors were concluded,as well as fish physiological and ecological behavior responding to river ecological factors were included.Specifically,some suggestion for future research was given.The physiological and ecological behaviors of fish were significantly influenced by the river ecology factors,such as temperature,flow rate,oxygen concentration.Future studies proposal is to analyze the relationships between physiological and ecological behaviors and hydraulic condition,to quantify the energy expenditure during fish swimming,and to set up more precise models describing the fish behaviors and river ecology factors,considered the biology,ecological engineering,pollution environment,and management disciplines,complying with the harmonious development need between economic and environment.