基于平原水网区的半分布式水文模型构建与应用

A SEMI-DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGICAL MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION BASED ON A PLAIN RIVER-NET AREA

鄱阳湖湖区属于平原水网区,水文观测和水文计算都存在困难。在充分考虑鄱阳湖湖区地形地貌和水文特征的基础上,将湖区下垫面分4种类型计算产流,并针对山丘区和平原区提出不同的汇流计算方法,建立基于平原水网区的半分布式水文模型模拟水文过程。利用湖区博阳河小流域1982、1985和1986年资料对模型参数进行率定与验证,结果达到精度要求。率定参数经地形修正后用于湖区水文模拟,计算了湖区洪水年1983年和枯水年1986年径流过程,得到模拟年份年径流系数分别为0.57和0.46,湖区全年产水量占鄱阳湖全流域入湖总水量的比重为13.21%和13.14%,模拟结果合理。构建的半分布式水文模型结构简单,物理意义明确,参数率定简单,对其他平原水网无资料地区径流模拟有一定参考价值,并为鄱阳湖洪水成因研究提供了依据。

Poyang Lake area is a plain river-net area.The hydrologic observation and calculation is difficult in this area.A semi-distributed hydrological model was developed based on plain river-net area.Considering the topography and hydrology character,runoff calculation was divided into four underlying surfaces.Confluence calculation was based on hilly regions and plain regions.Model parameters were validated by the observed data of Boyang River watershed in 1982,1985 and 1986,and the runoff process could be accurately simulated.The model was used to simulate the hydrological process in the Poyang Lake area in 1983 and 1986 after being properly calibrated and validated in Boyang River watershed.The results showed that the annual runoff coefficients were 0.57(1983) and 0.46(1986),and the annual water quantity of Poyang Lake area accounted for 13.21%(1983) and 13.14%(1986) of total Poyang Lake watershed,which well agreed with hydrological theory.This semi-distributed hydrological model provides framework for other area without observed data and provides reference for the study of flood in Poyang Lake.