河南5座大型水库上游流域气候变化及对水库运行影响

CLIMATE CHANGE OF UPPER REACHES OF 5 LARGE RESERVOIRS IN HENAN PROVINCE AND ITS IMPACT ON RESERVOIRS RUNNING

选择河南境内5座大型水库,分析其上游的气候变化以及对水库运行影响,结果表明:(1)位于黄河流域的故县水库、陆浑水库年降水量分别以-18.1、-9.5 mm/10 a的速率在下降,位于长江流域的鸭河口水库年降水量以8.8 mm/10 a的速率在增加,位于淮河流域的宿鸭湖水库、南湾水库年降水量也分别以19.2、14.1 mm/10 a的速率在增加。(2)5座水库年平均气温均呈上升趋势,变化速率在0.03~0.31℃/10 a。(3)5座水库年蒸散量均呈下降趋势,变化速率在-0.9^-35.5 mm/10 a。(4)5座水库上游流域雨日强度呈一致增加的趋势,上升速率在0.09~0.41 mm/10 a;暴雨以上日数变化各水库之间差异较大,黄河流域的两个水库上游流域暴雨以上日数有趋于减少的趋势,其它3座水库上游流域暴雨日数有趋于增多的趋势;5座水库极端降水事件多出现在20世纪60年代、80年代和2000年以来。⑸故县水库来水量以-1.27亿m3/10 a的变化速率在下降,鸭河口水库来水量以0.03亿m3/10 a变化速率在微升。降水量和降水强度对水库来水量影响较大,降水量大(小)值的年份与水库来水量大(小)值年份基本相对应;来水量与大雨以上日数的累计距平变化周期及位相非常相似。

By choosing 5 large reservoirs in Henan Province,climate change of their upper reaches and the effect on reservoir running are analyzed.The results indicate:(1)the annual precipitation of Guxian Reservoir and Luhun Reservoir belonging to the Yellow River Valley declined at the rate of 18.1 and 9.5 mm/10 a,respectively.The annual precipitation of Yahekou Reservoir belonging to the Yangtze Valley,Suyahu Reservoir and Nanwan Reservoir belonging to Huaihe River Valley increased with the trend of 8.8,19.2 and 14.1 mm/10 a,respectively.(2)Mean annual temperature of 5 reservoirs increased with the rate of 0.03 to 0.31℃/10 a.(3)Annual evaporation of 5 reservoirs showed a decreasing trend of 0.9 to 35.5 mm /10 a.(4)The intensity of rain day of upper reaches of 5 reservoirs rose at a rate between 0.09 and 0.41 mm/10 a.The variety of the days of rainstorm of 5 reservoirs was very different,and upper reaches of 2 reservoirs of the Yellow River Valley tended to decline and the other reservoirs had a growing trend.The episodes of extreme rainfall of 5 reservoirs mostly appeared in 1960's,1980's and after 2000.(5)The inflow of Guxian Reservoir was decreasing with a trend of 1.27×108 m3/10 a and the inflow of Yahekou Reservoir was increasing with a weak trend of 0.03×108 m3/10 a.In addition,The inflow of 5 reservoirs were strongly influenced by the amount of precipitation and precipitation intensity.The years with heavier(smaller) amount of precipitation corresponded with the years with more(less) inflow,and there was a comparability between the inflow and the change period and phase of accumulative anomaly of days of heavy rain.