云贵高原区湖泊空间分布格局

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF THE LAKES IN THE YUNNAN-GUIZHOU PLATEAU

高原湖泊的发育历史、所处的地理环境以及补给来源的差异,使湖泊具有自身的分布特点和演变过程,湖泊水文特征主要由一定的区域地形和气候条件决定。基于遥感和GIS空间分析的方法,对云贵高原区湖泊分布特征及地形和气候状况进行了分析研究。结果表明:该区湖泊主要分布在川滇,两省的湖泊数量相当,但大中型湖泊集中分布在滇中和滇西北地区;重点湖泊主要分布海拔1000～2000m,区间分布的湖泊面积约占总面积的85.56%;云南和贵州湖泊区域的降水量与潜在蒸散量普遍比四川高,但四川的湖泊积水条件较好,其湖泊主要分布在降水量与潜在蒸散量的差值为50～200mm的区域,而云南的多数湖泊区降水量小于潜在蒸散量。

The growing history,geographical location,as well as the supply of plateau lakes are different,so that lakes have their own characteristics of the distribution and evolution process.The hydrological characteristics of lakes mainly depend on the regional topography and climatic conditions.This article analysed the characteristics of the lakes distribution in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the conditions of topography and climate in the lakes of the location based on RS and GIS spatial analysis method.The result showed that lakes in the area are mainly distributed in Sichuan and Yunnan.The number of lakes in two provinces almost equal,and the big and medium-sized lakes are mainly located in central and northwestern of Yunnan;big lakes are mainly distributed between 1 000mand 2 000melevation,and the lakes area of this region counts for about 85.56%of the total lakes area.The precipitation and potential evapotranspiration in lake-region of Yunnan and Guizhou are generally higher than those in Sichuan.However,the condition of accumulating water in lake-region of Sichuan is better.Its lakes are mainly distributed in the area where the difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration is 50～200mm.For most lakes in Yunnan,the precipitation is less than the potential evapotranspiration.