佛经译场中的翻译理论探索

Exploration of Translation Theories in Buddhist Scripture Translating Centers

我国佛经翻译理论随着译场的建立而产生,随着译场的发展而不断完善。东晋道安从宏观上提出了"五失本"、"三不易"的观点,主张译文要保留原文的风格面貌。隋彦琮对译场工作人员提出了"十条八备"的标准。唐玄奘和道安一样,也主张保存原文的风格面貌,但他进一步从微观上提出了具体的"五不翻"原则。北宋赞宁提出的"新意六例"是对东汉以来佛经翻译的实践经验和翻译理论的总结和发展。长期以来,人们往往孤立地看待这些不同时期的翻译思想和观点,其实它们之间存在着相互继承和不断发展的有机联系,最终形成了我国古代的翻译原则和翻译理论体系。尽管这些原则和理论主要体现在形而下的"术"的方面,但它们对现代翻译理论的构建和翻译实践却产生了深远的影响。

The Sutra translation theories arose with the establishment of Buddhist scripture translating centers,and improved with their development.Dao'an,in East Jin Dynasty,proposed 'Five Losses of Originals and Three Translation Difficulties' in general which hold that the translation version should preserve the original styles.Yan Cong,in Sui Dynasty,proposed the criteria of 'Ten Qualifications and Eight Qualities' for the translators.Xuan Zang,in Tang Dynasty,like Dao'an,advocated to preserve the original styles,but he proposed a more concrete principle of 'Five Categories of Untranslated Terms'.Zan Ning,in North Song Dynasty,proposed 'Six New Translation Cases' which made a thoroughly conclusion for all the Sutra translation from East Han Dynasty.All the translation ideas and opinions,being treated isolatedly for a long time,in fact internally related each other and finally came into our ancient Buddhist scripture translation principles and theoretical systems,which influences and inspires our modern translation theoretical construction and translation practice.