行政诉讼被告举证程序之分析

The Defendant-Prove-Procedure in Administrative Litigation

行政诉讼的特点是法院对具体行政行为的合法性进行复审 ,被告必须依法定程序规则提供证据。《行政诉讼法》和司法解释确立了被告在行政诉讼中的举证责任制度和程序规则 ,已经建立起符合行政诉讼证据特点的被告举证程序规范体系。然而 ,由于缺乏进一步的规则保证被告举证规则的实施 ,以致有些程序规则在实践中产生问题。因此 ,应当建立被告提供全部证据的认定规则、法定期限内举证的证明规则、延期举证的正当事由判断规则、管辖权异议后的举证期限规则 ,以保障法院对具体行政行为的司法审查制度功能的发挥。

It is the characteristic of administrative litigation that the court review the legality of concrete administrative acts and the defendant should provide the evidence according to the legal procedure rules. “Administrative litigation law” and judicial interpretation establish the system of defendant's burden of proof in administrative litigation, and formulate the normative framework of defendant's proof procedure with administrative evidence characteristics. While lacking further rules to ensure the enforcement of defendant's proof rule, some problems of procedure rules have shown up in practice. So it is important to establish the following rules to ensure the court's function of judicial review over concrete administrative acts. These rules are the ascertaining rule of providing all evidence by defendant, the proving rule of putting forward evidence in legitimate period, the judging rule of reasonable causes for postponing proof and the proof period rule after the objection to jurisdiction.