人权启蒙与科学主义重建——晚近十年宪法学研究的几点哲学思考

Enlightenment of Human Rights and Reconstruction of Scientism

晚近十年的宪法学研究 ,是对十年前宪法学研究中的唯科学主义进行解构与重建的过程。一方面 ,以人权、人本和自由为终极关怀的宪法本质观取代了旧有的国家主义宪法终极关怀观 ,这种超验之思不能为科学方法最终证实。另一方面 ,宪法制度构建和宪法学研究方法转换的过程中科学主义仍起着基石性作用。宪法学研究的科学主义重建就是从科学万能返回到有限科学理性方法的重建。宪法作为人们生活标准和生活方式的准则 ,无疑是超验的 ;同时宪法又作为对人类生活发生影响的一种法律制度 ,又必须是科学的。宪法的这种两面性才是其本来面目。

In the recent ten years,researchers began to deconstruct the scientism and reconstruction in the field of constitutional law. In the aspect of human rights,the constitutional idea of caring about the state has been replaced by the notion of caring about the liberty of human. In the aspect of the construction of constitutional system and the changing of research paradigm on constitutional law,scientism is still the cornerstone. Both the doctrine of supra-experience and the doctrine of scientism are necessary in constitutional law practice and research because constitutional law has dual function as the criteria of people's life and as a set of legal system affecting people's life.