实现抵押关系内在平衡之制度设计

The System Design for the Realization of the Inner Balance of the Mortgage Relation

任何良好法律制度的构建都必须寻求其内部权利义务关系的平衡。传统民法理论着重于对抵押权效能的分析 ,即对抵押权人 (债权人 )利益的保护 ,对抵押人的利益则重视不足。厚抵押权人而薄抵押人的抵押权制度在这方面并非一个完善的制度设计 ,它在缺乏对抵押人保护的同时也损害了担保制度的发展。抵押权制度应通过兼顾抵押人的利益保护而使其内在法律关系得到完善。赋予抵押人在主合同变更时以抗辩权 ,以及对担保债权人课以一定的法律义务是实现抵押关系内在平衡的最佳途径。

Any construction of sound legal system calls for an internal balance between rights and duties. Traditional civil law focuses on the functional analysis of hypothec,that is,the protection of the benefits of the mortgagees or the creditors,but the interests of the mortgagers do ont receive enough attention. The unequal attention given respectively to the mortgagees and the mortgagers shows that the system of hypothec is not perfect on this respect. When there is a disregard of the protection of the mortgagers,the development of the system of mortgage is consequently hindered. The system of hypothec should pay due attention to the protection of the mortgagers in order to perfect its inner legal relations and the best way to achieve this is to give the mortgagers the right of demur at the time of the alteration of the main contract and to impose some legal duties on creditors with mortgage.