英汉语用预设与信息中心对比

A Comparison of Pragmatic Presupposition and Information Focus Between English and Chinese

已知信息和新信息是人们言语交际中两个必不可少的要素。一般说来，交际活动都是从已知信息到新信息，这也符合人们认知的一般规律。说话者所要表达信息中心与说话者心中的语用预设是密切相关的。语用预设的变化决定着信息中心在句中的位置，即信息中心是随着语用预设的变化而变化的。本文拟从英汉两种语言对比的角度，对语用预设和信息中心的这一关系作些探讨。

Given information and new information are two indispensible elements in verbal communication. Generally speaking, communicational activities are usually conducted from given information to new information, which is fit for the cognition law. The information focus of the speaker is closely related with his pragmatic presupposition. The changing of the pragmatic presupposition determines the location of the information focus in a sentence, that is, the information focus changes with the pragmatic presupposition. This text tries to discuss such a relation through the contrastive analysis of English and Chinese.