清代黑龙江流域农耕区的形成与扩展

5. Shaping and Expanding of the Agricultural Area is Heilongjiang Basin During the Qing Dynasty

清代乾嘉年间 ,汉民的越界移垦及京旗回屯 ,使第二松花江中部平原出现了广大的农耕区 ,形成了西部蒙古族畜牧、东部女真族渔猎、中部农业经营为主的分布局面。清后期的大规模放垦使农耕区急剧扩展 ,至清末不仅包括了中西部广大的松嫩平原 ,而且开始向边远的三江平原及黑龙江、乌苏里江沿岸扩展 ,渔猎、畜牧地区大幅度减少。大量的汉族移民成为农业开发的决定因素 ,农耕区的形成与扩展和移民的趋向一致 ,进程同步。

During the period of Qianjia of Qing Dynasty, a wide agricultural area appeared in the middle reaches plain of Second Songhuajiang River and the distribution, raising livestock by Mongolian in the western area, fishing and hunting by Nu zhen in the eastern area and farming in the middle reaches because of the migration and cultivation of the Han people and coming back to open the wasteland of the Bannerman. During the later stage of Qing Dynasty, a relaxation expanda rapidly.And up to the end of the Qing Dynasty, it not only included the wide Songnen Plain, but also began of expand to the outlying the Sanjiang Plain and area along the Heilongjiang River and the Wusulijiang River. So the area for fishing, hunting and livestock was condensed greatly. A large number of the Hans immigrate became determined factor for agricultural exploilation.