新石器时代汉水流域聚落地理的初步考察

An Investigation on the Settlement Geography in the Reaches of Hanshui River in the Neo-lithic Age

新石器时代汉水流域的聚落主要集中在中下游平原及其周缘的丘陵岗地，以及上游与其支流河谷，其所在地貌以自然岗地和河谷阶地台地为主。流域文化类型的演进以及不同文化类型下聚落的分布，与气候变化有着密切的关系。作为聚落中心的住宅较早出现地面建筑，逐步由单室住宅向双室、多室住宅缓慢进化并出现排房。聚落形态以散居为主，在新石器时代中晚期形成聚落群，出现中心聚落和城壕聚落。

The most settlements of the area in the Neolithic times were located in the plains and adjacent hills of the middle and lower reaches, as well as the terraces or mounds along the upper reaches and the tributaries of the river. The change of distribution of the settlements and the evolution of different cultural modes were related closely to the change of climates.