巴赫金语言哲学思想分析

The Analysis of the Linguistic Pilosophy of Mikhail Bakhtin

米哈伊尔·巴赫金是２０世纪最杰出的俄罗斯思想家之一，其著述涵盖语言哲学、文艺学、人文科学方法论等诸多学科。他的语言哲学（即超语言学）的基本思想在于：话语是语言实际的存在方式；话语的意义在于使用；话语代表说话人的意向，意向最终实现于“我”与“他人”的对话之中。巴赫金一生倡导“对话主义”，其对语言本质的独到精深的思考也与索绪尔、维特根斯坦和格赖斯等人构成对话。

Abstract Mikhail Bakhtin is one of the most distinguished Russian thinkers of the twentieth century. His works range from linguistic philosophy, literature and art disciplines to the humanities methodology, and other branches of learning. The basic ideas of his linguistic philosophy (i,e.metalinguistics) are: discourse is the concrete living totality of language; the significance of discourse is its application; discourse represents the speakers intention, which is finally realized in the dialogue between “me” and “the other”. Bakhtin proposed the “dialogicalism”all his life.His unique insight in the nature of language is also part of the dialogue with F.de. Saussure, L. Wittgenstein and H.Grice.