劳工神圣与贸易自由——WTO劳工标准之争及其法律评析

Sacred Labourers and Liberalised Trade ——A Legal Comment on the Labour Standards Debate within WTO

贸易自由化在给全球带来利益的同时， 也给广大劳动者带来挑战， 而各国劳工标准的差异也引发国际贸易争端。发达国家是贸易与劳工标准之争的始作俑者。他们一方面对低劳工标准的国家采取单边劳工贸易壁垒措施， 另一方面主张在 Ｗ Ｔ Ｏ 体系中缔结 “社会条款”， 协调各国劳工标准， 并以贸易限制措施为执行工具。这些举措和主张都遭到发展中国家的强烈反对。本文评价了贸易自由化与劳工标准的相互关联及其国际争议， 深入分析单边劳工壁垒与现行 Ｗ Ｔ Ｏ规则的抵触， 探讨了 Ｗ Ｔ Ｏ 纳入社会条款的主要法律问题。从发展中国家的角度，

While trade liberalisation benefits the world, it also poses challenges on many workers in different countries. The disparate national labour standards are more likely to arouse international trade disputes. It is the developed countries who ignited the trade and labour debate. On one side, they impose unilateral labour related trade barriers on the other countries adopting low labour standards. On the other side, they propose incorporating “Social Clauses” into the WTO disciplines in order to achieve the harmonisation of global labour standards and that the “Social Clauses” would be enforced by means of trade penalties. The developing countries strongly object to the abovesard measures and proposals. This article, from the standpoint of developing countries, reviews the interrelationship of trade liberalisation with labour standards and the relevant contraversy, then analyses the contravention of unilateral trade barriers with WTO rules in force, finally discusses the main legal problems with the incorportion of “Social Clauses” into WTO.