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波兰奇迹与西方援助 被引量:1

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摘要 1989年以来,中东欧国家相继进入经济转轨。8年多来,各国的经济发展情况很不平衡。其中,波兰、捷克、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚情况较好。而波兰又是中东欧国家中经济回升最早、幅度最大的国家。1995年,波兰的实际国民收入便已恢复到剧变前的水平,西方称波兰为“欧洲正在升起的明星”,波兰则把自己誉为“欧洲腾飞之鹰”。
作者 吕进
出处 《俄罗斯研究》 1998年第4期45-50,共6页 Russian Studies
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  • 1维托·坦齐、舒克·内希特.(2005).20世纪的公共支出.北京:商务印书馆.
  • 2Bonker, F. ( 2006 ). The Political Economy of Fiscal Reform in Central - Eastern Europe : Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic from 1989 to EU Accession. Chehenham: Edward Elgar.
  • 3Bratkowski, A., Dabrowski, M., Antczak, M., Polomski, K. & Luczynski, M. (1995). Fiscal policy in Poland under transition. CASE Network Studies & Analyses,49.
  • 4Crombrugghe,A. & David, L. (1994). The Government Budget and the Economic Transformation of Poland. In Blanchard, O. , Froot, K. , Sachs, J. Eds. Transition in Eastern Europe ( Volume 2) University of Chicago Press.
  • 5Cheasty, A. (1992). Financing Fiscal Deficits. In Tanzi, V. Eds. Fiscal Policies in Economies in Transition. Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund.
  • 6Commission of the European Communities. ( 2004 ). Excessive Deficit in Poland - Report Prepared in Accordance with Article104 (3) of the Treaty SEC (2004) 576.
  • 7Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs of European Commission( 2002 ). Evaluation of the 2002 Pre - accession Economic Programmes of Candidate Countries.
  • 8Gowan, P. ( 1999 ). The Global Gamble: Washiongton's Faustian Bid for World Dominance. New York: Verso.
  • 9Gronkiewicz - Waltz, H. ( 2003 ). Poland and the IMF. Paper Presented at IMF and Democracy: Second General Assembly of the Club of Madrid, November.
  • 10Hallerberg, M. & Hagen, J. (2006). Budget Processes in Poland: Promoting Fiscal and Economic Stability. Research Project Commissioned byWarsaw: Ernst and Young Better.

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