试论近代市民社会产生的模式——兼论中国近代市民社会雏形的生成特点

The Forming of Civil Society in Recent History

市民社会的产生,并非固定不变的单一模式,在不同的国度,往往呈现出某些相异的特点。中外不少学者认为,中国历史的发展与近代的西欧迥然不同,在封建专制主义中央集权统治下不可能孕育和萌生出市民社会。实际上,清末之际国家与社会曾一度建立了较好的新型互动关系。被视为阻遏中国市民社会产生最大障碍的封建专制政府,在清末“新政”期间出现了前所未有的变化,并推行了一系列新的改革,在客观上对中国市民社会雏形的初始萌生起了重要的促进作用。

The forming of civil society varies with different coutries. Most of the sinologists, Chinese and western like,have been of the opinion that a civil society can by no means grow out of bureaucratic despotism with a highly centralized power. However,according to this author,an embryonic civil society did occur at the end of the Qing Dynasty when the New Deal greatly undermined the then monarch and brought about a new type of interactive relationship between government and society.