清代东北粮食作物的地域分布

The Regional Distribution of Food Crops in Northeast China in the Qing Dynasty

清代二百余年，东北地区种植业取得了空前的发展，传统农作物高粱、大豆、粟、小麦等与新引种的玉米、水稻等都是由辽河中下游地区向北逐渐扩展的，这种发展趋势与清代东北的人口移动及土地开发方向一致，进程同步。本文还利用清末各种作物在各州县粮食播种总面积上的比率，论述了主要粮食作物地域分布的不平衡特征及其形成原因：高粱与小麦的分布具有明显的南北不平衡性，高粱南多北少，而小麦正好与之相反；大豆是东北全境的重要农产，受大量外输的影响在水陆交通便利地区形成了相对集中的商品产地；分布普遍的粟受干湿气候的影响，播种比率从东南向西北逐步增加；水稻是朝鲜移民引入东北的，发展上与移民进程同步，分布上则由东南向西北逐步减少。

Abstract The paper discusses the spatially unbalanced distribution of food crops in northeast China in the Qing dynasty. The development of farm production in the area coincided with the process of population migration and land exploitation. The cultivating areas of both the traditional and newly introduced crops were expanded northerly from the middle and lower reaches of the Liaohe River.