控制权力:一个功利主义视角——县政“权力清单”辨析

Checking Power:An Argument from the Point of View of Utilitarianism —The Analysis of County-level“Power Lists”

目前我国县级政府推行"权力清单"的目的是要控制和规范政府的行政权力,目标是适应市场经济发展和社会多样性变化而控制和约束权力的越界和不当行为,从而把政府与市场、政府与社会的关系确立在法治基础之上。"权力清单"的规范涉及中央与地方分权、政府职能转变、治理法治化等问题。然而,控制和规范政府权力,不仅涉及权力的结构性问题,更涉及权力的本质规定问题。县政"权力清单"的出台是在不触动基本权力结构的前提下做出的,也就是说,"权力清单"只是政府功能性权力的范围和职责的调整。规范县政权力必须在基本政治框架内和权力结构上做出制度性的调整和结构性的调适,不然,"权力清单制度"的推展不可能达到控制和规范政府行政权力的目标,只能是政府"自己规范自己权力"的单方面举措而已。

The purpose of carrying out “power lists”policy is to control and standardize the administration power of government so that the transgressing and improper behaviors of government can be placed under control and checked with development of market economy and diversification of society.The essence of all of that is to base the relationship between government and market,between government and society on the foundation of rule of law.Standardizing“power lists”involves the issues of separating power between central government and local government,functional transition of government,and the process of rule of law.However,not only does con-trolling and standardizing power involve the problem of power structure,but also involves the essential standard of power.The precondition of county-level “power lists”is intended not to touch the basic power structure.In other words,“power lists”is j ust adj usting scope and duty of functional power of government,and standardizing county-level government power must be based on existing political framework and power structure.Otherwise, it is impossible to control and standardize government administration power by carrying out“power lists”policy, and it is j ust the farce that the government unilaterally standardizes itself.