论宋代文艺思想与佛教

On Literary Thought and Buddhism in the Song Dynasty

佛教对宋代的学术、文化思想产生了深刻的影响,这已成为学术界的共识。宋代之前,尚没有哪个朝代的文学理论如此广泛而深刻地受到佛教思想的影响,而且实现了融会贯通。宋代的佛教已非单纯属于一种外来文化,它已经与中国的儒家、道家、阴阳家等思想融合为一体。宋代佛教是经过文化整合后而形成的中国化的佛教,有着明显的向中国传统文化复归的倾向。儒家深厚的文化根基为中国佛教的发展提供了一种无法摆脱也不可超越的文化基因,而佛教博大的思想体系则将这种基因发扬光大,或者赋予其一种全新的内涵。两者相辅相成,相互促进。宋代儒佛能够在深层次上实现贯通的最根本原因在于:唐宋之后的中国大乘佛教将世界根源归之于"心"这一核心概念。"心"的概念始成为儒学理论的重要概念,而宋代儒学最终由"道学"转向"心学"也证明了佛教的这一影响。有关文艺思想,宋代佛教界所作的阐发甚至较之儒家学者更早,对当时整个思想界产生的震动和影响是巨大的,这包括宋代佛教的"思无邪"说、佛教与艺术中和观、清雅艺术观念和风气的形成等等。

It is a consensus in academia that in the Song dynasty,Buddhism had a profound effect on all areas of academic and cultural ideas.Facts of the world of academic history development have proven that a kind of religion or philosophy thought often go through several generations,even hundreds of years to generate affect on other areas.As a kind of foreign culture,although introduced into China in the Eastern Han dynasty,and Buddhism sinicization highlighting sect of Buddhism had already been established in the Sui and Tang dynasties,before the Song dynasty however,there was no literary theory so extensively and profoundly influenced by Buddhism thought,and realized the di-gestion.Buddhism sinicization attaches great importance to the culture of the enlightenment,the theo-retical construction and theoretical thinking,digestion and promotion by the literati class,that has become an important category of literature and art thoughts of Buddhism.This article makes effort to finish the Song dynasty's development venation of sectarian thought,conduct in-depth and compre-hensive exploration of the development of literary theory,and reveal the relationship between the Song dynasty literary theory and Buddhism.