“实践”、“批判”和“革命”的社会历史理论——历史唯物主义理论本性的再思考

The Social Historic Theory of “Practice”,“Criticism”and“Revolution”: Rethinking on the Nature of Historical Materialism

吉登斯和哈贝马斯对历史唯物主义的批判性诠释彰显了历史唯物主义研究应有的实践和反思精神,同时遮蔽乃至误读了历史唯物主义的真正理论本性。历史唯物主义既非思辨历史哲学,更不是实证科学和社会进化论。面对新的现实问题而得出富有历史感和现实感的时代阐释,体现了历史唯物主义"实践"本性;对现代社会权力关系运行机制给予最为深刻和现实的历史批判,凸显出历史唯物主义"批判性"向度;追求实现无产阶级人类解放折射出历史唯物主义"革命性"维度。历史唯物主义不是抽象地言说社会历史规律性的问题,而是聚焦揭示人的生命个体被"物化"的社会关系统治的历史根源、洞悉社会生活本质、探求实现每个人自由个性和全面发展的现实道路。

Giddens and Habermas,critical interpretation of historical materialism should be worth attention. However,they misunderstand the nature of historical materialism. Historical materialism is neither the speculative historical philosophy nor positive science and social evolution. It reflects the 'practical'nature of historical materialism to analyze new reality and problems in contemporary society; it highlights the'critical'dimension of historical materialism to give profound realistic discussion and criticism on modern social power relations and mechanism; it reflects the'revolutionary'dimension of historical materialism to pursue proletariat and human liberation. Historical materialism is not to abstractly discuss social historical law,but to reveal materialization roots which rule individual life,insight into the nature of social life,seek to the realistic road of realizing everyone free personality and all-round development of human.