中国老年人身份认同变化及其影响因素研究

A Research of the Chinese Elderly's Identity Change and Influencing Factors

本文采用中国老龄科研中心2000年中国城乡老年人口状况一次性抽样调查数据和2010年中国城乡老年人口状况追踪调查数据,分析10年间老年人身份认同的变化情况,并探讨保障、参与和健康对身份认同的影响。结果显示:不同队列间身份认同具有显著差异,新一代老年人比10年前的一代认为自己是老年人的可能性低,这说明身份认同是一个动态的过程,且随着时代变化和社会进步,老年人身份认同会逐步年轻化。经济保障好、健康自评高和社会参与多的老年人身份认同更积极。最后,文章从个体、社区、媒体和政府的角度提出相应的建议,期望有助于形成更加积极的老年人身份和身份认同。

Based on the data of “Chinese urban and rural elderly population sampling survey of 2000” and “Chinese urban and rural elderly population longitudinal survey of 2010”, this paper analyzes the elderly ’ s identity change of 10 years.Then, the author discusses the influences of security , participation and health on this change .The results show that identity varies significantly among different cohorts .New generation is less likely to regard themselves as “older person” than old generation, which proves that identity is a changing process , and it will become increasingly younger with time changes and social development .Moreover , better economic security , higher self-rate health and more active social participation have positive effects on identity .In the end, the author makes some suggestions from individual , community , media and governmental perspectives to promote more active elderly identity .