甘肃永靖张家咀与姬家川遗址的发掘

EXCAVATIONS OF THE ZHANGJIAZUI AND JIJIACHUAN SITES AT YONGJING COUNTY IN GANSU PROVINCE

张家咀与姬家川位于甘肃省永靖县的南部。永靖县政府原驻莲花城,1962年迁驻刘家峡小川。姬家川离新县城不远,张家咀北距新县城约20公里。现在张家咀与姬家川分别由永靖县莲花公社与白塔公社管辖(图一)。张家咀与姬家川遗址均包含齐家文化和辛店文化两种不同性质的文化遗存。

Located in the southern part of Yongjing county, the Zhangjiazui and Jijiachuan sites were excavated between 1958 and 1960.Both sites eontain cultural remains of the Qijia and Xindian types, with the latter predominantly surpassing the former. The cultural relics of the Xindian type found at Zhangjiazui constitute a new type of culture whieh embraces both the pottery of Tangwang type and the remains of Group B of the Xindian culture. In order to differentiate this one from the other site, it is for the time being named 'the Zhangjiazui type' while the other site named 'the Jijiachuan type'.A total area of 995 square meters was excavated at Zhangjiazui, bringing to light 13 storage-pits of the Qijia culture, 165 storage-pits of the Xindian culture as well as artifaets of stone, bone, pottery and bronze. Among the pottery objects of the Xindian type, flatbottomed vessels are most common, next come tripods and vessels with ring-foot, while very few are round-bottomed vessels. Many of them are of unique shapes such as angular-contoured basins with their handles taller than their mouth, single-handled cups with a bulged body, painted dou with a pedestal, painted li-tripod, double-handled jars with three short feet. The patterns of painted decorations on the pottery vessels differ from those of other cultures. Fragments of bronze vessels, spear-heads and slag were also discovered. The presence of bronze slag here indicates that these bronze objects are made locally rather than bartered with other places.A house and a storage-pit of the Qijia culture, another house, 41 storage-pits and a tomb of the Xindian culture, and plenty of stone, bone and pottery objects were discovered at the Jijiachuan site. The houses are of semi-subterranean oblong structure with an entrance and a cauldron-shaped cooking stove. For this type of the Xindian culture, this kind of building has never been found before.The pottery of the Jijiachuan type has a style of its own. Among them concavebottomed vessels are the majority. Tripods occupy the second place. Flat-bottomed vessels are few and those with ring-foot are not found. Typical are such forms of pottery as the single-handled cups, double-handled long-necked jars and double-handled li-tripods. The painted designs on pottery objects include wide bands, zigzag patterns, rectangular spirals, linked-lozenge patterns and vertical line designs.It should be pointed out that the double-handled li-tripod found here is extremely similar to the pottery li-tripods unearthed from Western Zhou sites in the central plain. The patterns of reetangular spirals on the li-tripod also resemble that on bronze vessels of the Western Zhou dynasty. This indicates the close relations between the Xindian and the Western Zhou cultures and furthermore attests to the fact that the ancient cultures in in China's northwest cannot be separated from the splendid culture in the Central Plain.