对城市贫困主流测量方法理论假定的社会性别分析——以一个街道贫困家庭的社会调查为例

The Gender Analysis Based on Theoretical Hypothesis in Urban Poverty-related Mainstream Survey Method——As Exemplified by Investigation on an Impoverished Family in a Neighborhood

城市贫困的主流测量方法暗含一个基本理论假定:“家庭内贫困分布均等”或者说“家庭内基本生活资源的消费等级均等”。本研究对其质疑,采用“社会性别分析”视角,以一个街道内的“贫困家庭”资料为背景,提出研究假设:家庭内贫困分布存在性别分层现象。结果表明:在调查范围内,家庭内基本生活资源的消费存在性别等级之分,且表现为女性弱势。调查结果一定程度上揭露了主流贫困测量方法理论假定的脆弱性和其“社会性别意识”的缺场。本研究建议主流贫困测量方法纳入“社会性别”视角,使其更具“社会性别意识”。

The urban poverty-related mainstream survey method covertly contains a basic theoretical hypothesis:'equal distribution of poverty in the family', or 'equal grading of the consumption of basic living resources in the family'. Challenging the correctness of this hypothesis, this research paper puts forth its research hypothesis in the perspective of gender analysis and with the reference material of a neighborhood's 'poor family' as the background: gender stratification exists in the distribution of poverty in the family. The research result shows that, within the scope of the investigation, there existed sexual and grading distinction with regard to the consumption of the basic living resources in the family, with the female sex in the disadvantageous positon. The result reveals, to a certain extent, the weakness of the theoretical hypothesis of the mainstream poverty survey method and its lack of gender consciousness. This research paper proposes that gender perspective be included in the method so as to imbue it with more gender consciousness.