安阳小屯村北的两座殷代墓

THE TWO TOMBS OF THE YIN DYNASTY EXCAVATED IN THE NORTH OF THE XIAOTUN VILLAGE IN ANYANG COUNTY

为搞清殷墟五号墓(即妇好墓)周围的情况,我队于一九七六年十二月,又在妇好墓东和南大约8000平方米范围内进行了钻探,发现此范围内分布有殷代房基、窖穴和墓葬等。墓葬共探出六座,其中长约3米的三座,长约4.6—6米的三座。较大的墓之间都有一定距离。另外据当地社员反映,在妇好墓东约90米处,解放前村民曾挖掘过一座较大的殷墓,因发现有古代盗坑未挖到底,此墓现在社员院落中,在此墓之南约30余米还有一座殷墓,现已压在社员房下。在妇好墓之北还有一座被李姓盗掘过的墓,据说较妇好墓略小。

In order to make sure the date of Lady Hao's tomb,our team excavated the two tombs ofthe Yin dynasty(M17,M18)located in the east of Lady Hao's tomb between the winter of1976 and the spring of 1977.Of these two tombs,M18 is the more important one.Tomb M18 lies to the east of Lady Hao's tomb,a little bit by the south,and 22 metersaway from it.The tomb pit is an oblong shaft,and at its bottom exists a waist pit in whichwe found the skeleton of a dog.The coffin and the coffin chamber are already rotten.The surface lacquering of thelatter is in dark red with black designs,and that of the coffin in vermillion.Because ofbeing painted repeatedly,the surface lacquer is fairly thick.In the tomb we found fivehuman sacrifices.One was in the filling earth and the other four were between the coffin andthe coffin chamber.Their skeletons are all rotten.There were 90 funerary objects.4 are of pottery,43 of bronze,11 of jade,28 of boneand four of cowrie.Among the bronze artefactts,there are 19 weapons and 24 ritual vessels,of which 13 were inscribed.One zun(wine vessel)and one jia(a round tripod)have the ins-criptions of Zi Yu(子渔).Of the jade articles,one is a dagger-axe with inscriptions in ver-million and seven characters are still distinct.The pottery vessels unearthed from the tombbelong to the second of the four stages of the Yin dynasty ruins.The tomb M17 is situated to the north of M18 and about 6.1 meters away.In M17,there is a waist pit at its bottom,and a second-ledge platform can be seen around the burialpit.Found between the wall of the coffin chamber and the coffin are two human sacrifi-ces.Among the 11 funeral items,three axe of bronze,seven of pottery and one of jade(thejade article lies beside the human sacrifices).Of the pottery vessels are gui(food container),dou(stemmed bowl),gu(beaker),jue(a kind of wine vessel),etc.According to theirshapes,they belong to the second stage of the pottery of the Yin dynasty ruins,and the dateis basically the same as that of the tomb M18,and is also nearly the same as that of LadyHao'tomb(namely the Xiaotun Tomb No.5 excavated in 1976).According to the unearthed pot-tery,we think that Zi Yu(子渔)of the inscriptions on the bronzes should be the sume personas that seen in the Bin(宾)Group of oracle texts of the Wuding times.From the fact thatbronzes with inscriptions of Lady Hao and Zi Yu are found together with the second-stagepottery it is evident that the upper limit of the second stage pottery can be dated back to thetimes of Wuding and the lower limit probably not later than that of Zujia.