长治分水岭269、270号东周墓

EXCAVATION OF THE EASTERN CHOU TOMBS NO. 269 AND 270 AT FEN-SHUI-LING IN CH’ANG-CHIH CITY,SHANSI PROVINCE

1972年8月、我们在长治分水岭配合基本建设工程,发掘了269、270号东周墓和两个马坑(图一)。发掘地点位于分水岭西部,南距城壕约50多米。两墓东西并列,相距4.6米,东边的编为269号墓,西边的编为270号墓。两个马坑在270号墓的西南边约3.3米处,分别编为1号马坑和2号马坑(图二)。发掘前,墓地地面原有自然堆积土厚3米余,已在基建工程中被挖掉。墓口距现存地面深0.5米。两墓形制相同,均为竖穴土圹。圹内四壁不大整齐。269号墓的墓底略大于墓口,

Located in the western suburbs of Fen-shui-ling in Ch'ang-chih City, Shansi Province, the Eastern Chou Tombs No. 269 and 270 were excavated in August, 1972.Lying alongside each other from east to west but separated by a distance of 4.6 meters, the two tombs are both oblong shaft tombs with a wooden chamber. Bach chamber contains at its bottom an outer coffin and an inner coffin which is spread with tin foils. In both cases the skeleton has already disintegrated. The tomb furniture unearthed from each tomb is largely similar, consisting mainly of bronze ceremonical vessels and musical instruments. Among the former are the ting-tripod, tun-vessel, fu-vessel, square fu-vessel, ho-vessel, chou-vessel and p'an-basin. The latter include whole sets of handled and looped bells as well as the chime, A marked difference between the two tombs is that Tomb 269 contains thirty-seven pieces of bronze weapons (ko-halberds, spearheads and arrow-heads) while Tomb 270 has yielded an enormous amount of ornaments of various materials.Judging by the skeletons and the difference in the kinds of tomb furniture unearthed, the owner of Tomb No. 269 was probably a male while Tomb No. 270 belonged to a woman.Archaeologists have also excavated two horse pits to the southwest of Tomb No. 270. The first has yielded two horses while the second in its present disturbed condition contains only one horse. Both pits are probably connected with the tombs excavated.The two tombs date from the end of the Spring and Autumn Period or the beginning of the Warring States Period and very probably belonged to a man and his wife who were buried on the same site but in separate pits.