赤峰、宁城夏家店上层文化人骨研究

STUDIES ON THE HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE UPPER HSIA-CHIA-TIEN CULTURE UNEARTHED AT NING-CH’ENG AND CH’IH-FENG

本报告的人骨材料,是1960—1961年我所内蒙古工作队在赤峰市夏家店村和宁城县南山根村两处遗址的墓葬中获得的。这两处遗址中的墓葬,文化性质相同,均属夏家店上层文化。为便于比较研究起见,将两处的入骨材料合于一篇中分别叙述。

The materials studied were obtained from the excavations conducted in 1960—1961 at Hsia-chia-tien夏家店Village in Ch'ih-feng赤峰County and Nan-shan-ken南山根Village in Ning-ch'eng宁城County, Liaoning Province (cf. their respective excavation reports in Kaogu Xuebao, 1974, No. 1, pp. 111—144 and 1975, No. 1, pp. 117—140). They consist of two male skulls and three male mandibles from the Nan-shan-ken site and five skulls. (1 male and 4 females) and six female mandibles from the Hsia-chia-tien site.The tombs at both sites all belong to the Upper Hsia-chia-tien Culture and the skeletal remains unearthed are also marked by similar racial characteristics. The following is a summary of the results of the present study:1. A comparison of the skulls unearthed at these two sites with those of some modern Asiatic Mongoloids (cf. Tables 1 and 3 in the text) reveal that their cranial indexes, cranial heights, cranial length-height indexes, breadth-height indexes, upper facial heights and bizygomatic breadths are all similar to those of the modern Northern Chinese. On the other hand, their greater nasal breadth and naso-zygomatic angles resemble those of the modern Tungus. The authors are, therefore, of the opinion that these skeletal remains represent in the main the Northern Chinese type of the Far Eastern Mongoloids, though perhaps with some Tungus affinity.2. The physical characteristics of these skeletal remains not only closely resemble those of the skeletal remains unearthed from the Bronze Age tombs of Hungshan, Ch'ih-feng but are also similar to those of the Neolithic Pao-chi宝鸡and Huahsien groups. On the other hand, they differ rather conspicuously from those of the Neolithic Lake Baikal group of Siberia. This finding suggests that the people of the Upper Hsia-chia-tien Culture were probably closely related to the Neolithic inhabitants of the Central Plain.