青島石英製粉厂衛生調查及該厂102例矽肺的分析

HEALTH INSPECTION OF SILICA MILL IN TSING-TAO (WITH REPORT OF 102 CASES OF SILICOSIS)

本文內容根據石英製粉廠生產環境,勞動情况,廠房中粉塵顆粒數,工人體格檢查及102例矽肺照片的分類等進行初步的分析。生產過程及一般情况大塊石英,用鐵鎚人工砸碎,然後過篩。鐵篩用繩子懸掛樑上,篩之一端有木把,用手搖動,第一遍是粗篩,較大的顆粒搬回重新砸碎,篩下的計重論資。第二遍是細飾,將粉及顆粒分開,顆粒大小,根據生產的需要。另外還有一部小機器磨,常不開,作用不大,機器磨設在另室,沒有密閉。因此廠房各處,室內室外院落牆壁到處都是粉塵,屋頂紅瓦也成白色,嚴重情况不須贅述。該廠工人爲124名:男36名,女88名,組織不甚健全,工人時常自動更換,有事就不來或找他人代替騻S計件制,按砸石粉的多少計算工資。所以工作時間也不嚴格,大約爲8—11小時。

A survey of the health inspection of silica mill in Tsing-tao was made and the process of reproduction, the sanitary environment, and measurment of local atmospheric condition and dust concentration in air were reported. The results of this survey indicate that the dust concentration at different working places in the mill is 5-72 times over the allowable highest limit (180 particles per c. c.). According to the dust concentration, process of reproduction, working posture and working strain in that mill, the writers analyzed the factors influencing health condition of the workers and suggested the ways of correction. Among the 102 cases of proved silicosis, 80.4% developed within 2 years of working age, 19.6% cases within 1.5 years; the shortest working age in which silicosis developed was only ten months. As a whole these ware acute silicosis cases. 9 cases were proved with tuberculosis complication.